Vulnerable code sample

# WARNING: This code is for educational purposes only and contains a:
# severe security vulnerability (Command Injection).
# DO NOT use this code in a production environment.
# This code is a conceptual representation of the vulnerability described
# in CVE-2025-23316 and does not represent the actual source code of
# NVIDIA Triton Inference Server.

import os
import json
from http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler, HTTPServer

# This represents the base directory where models are stored.
MODEL_REPOSITORY_PATH = "/tmp/models"

class VulnerableAPIHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
    """
    A simplified HTTP server handler that simulates Triton's model control API.
    """
    def do_POST(self):
        """Vulnerable function that demonstrates the security issue."""
        # This handler simulates an API endpoint like /v2/repository/models/{model_name}/load
        if self.path.endswith('/load'):
            try:
                content_length = int(self.headers['Content-Length'])
                post_data = self.rfile.read(content_length)
                request_body = json.loads(post_data)

                model_name = request_body.get('model_name')

                if not model_name:
                    self.send_response(400)
                    self.end_headers()
                    self.wfile.write(b'{"error": "model_name is required"}')
                    return

                # --- VULNERABILITY ---
                # The 'model_name' parameter is taken directly from user input and
                # used to construct a shell command without any sanitization or
                # validation. An attacker can inject arbitrary commands by
                # providing a malicious 'model_name'.
                #
                # Example of a malicious payload:
                # {"model_name": "fakemodel; id"}
                # This would execute the 'id' command on the server.
                # Another example:
                # {"model_name": "fakemodel; rm -rf /"}

                    command = f"echo 'Loading model configuration for {model_name}' && ls -l {MODEL_REPOSITORY_PATH}/{model_name}/":
                    print(f"[DEBUG] Executing command: {command}")

                # The use of os.system() with unvalidated input is the direct cause of RCE.
                # In a real scenario, this might be a command to unzip a model,
                # set up a virtual environment, or execute a setup script.
                    os.system(command)
                # --- END OF VULNERABILITY ---

                    self.send_response(200)
                    self.end_headers()
                    self.wfile.write(json.dumps({"status": f"Model '{model_name}' load request processed."}).encode('utf-8'))

                    except Exception as e:
                        self.send_response(500)
                        self.end_headers()
                        self.wfile.write(json.dumps({"error": str(e)}).encode('utf-8'))
                    else:
                        self.send_response(404)
                        self.end_headers()
                        self.wfile.write(b'{"error": "Endpoint not found"}')

                        def run_vulnerable_server(server_class=HTTPServer, handler_class=VulnerableAPIHandler, port=8000):
                            """Vulnerable function that demonstrates the security issue."""
    # Create a dummy model directory for demonstration:
                            if not os.path.exists(f"{MODEL_REPOSITORY_PATH}/my_model"):
                                os.makedirs(f"{MODEL_REPOSITORY_PATH}/my_model/1")
                                with open(f"{MODEL_REPOSITORY_PATH}/my_model/1/model.bin", "w") as f:
                                    f.write("dummy model data")

                                    server_address = ('', port)
                                    httpd = server_class(server_address, handler_class)
                                    print(f"Starting vulnerable server on port {port}...")
                                    print("To test the vulnerability, send a POST request:")
                                    print("  curl -X POST http://localhost:8000/load -d '{\"model_name\": \"my_model; whoami\"}'")
                                    httpd.serve_forever()

                                    if __name__ == '__main__':
                                        run_vulnerable_server()