Patched code sample

def execute_macro(macro_code, user_rights, is_default_value, macro_author_rights):
    """
    Executes a wiki macro with appropriate rights, mitigating CVE-2025-49581.

    Args:
        macro_code: The code to execute.
        user_rights: The rights of the user invoking the macro.
        is_default_value: True if the macro code comes from a default parameter value, False otherwise.
        macro_author_rights: The rights of the macro author.

    Returns:
        The result of the macro execution.
    """

    if is_default_value:
        # Execute with the rights of the macro author (fixed behavior)
        effective_rights = macro_author_rights
    else:
        # Execute with the rights of the user invoking the macro (original behavior)
        effective_rights = user_rights

    # Simulate rights check and execution
    if "programming" in effective_rights:
        # Secure execution:  Implement sandboxing, whitelisting, or other security measures
        # to prevent arbitrary code execution even with programming rights.
        # This is a simplified example; a real implementation would be much more complex.

        if "groovy" in macro_code.lower() or "python" in macro_code.lower() or "velocity" in macro_code.lower():

            # Simulate a very basic "safe" execution.  In reality, you would need a much
            # more robust sandboxing mechanism.
            print(f"Executing macro with {effective_rights} rights (safe execution): {macro_code}")
            # Replace this with actual sandboxed execution.
            result = "Macro executed successfully (simulated)." # Or an error, if execution failed

        else:
             print(f"Executing macro with {effective_rights} rights: {macro_code}")
             result = "Macro executed successfully (simulated)." # Or an error, if execution failed

    else:
        print(f"Executing macro with {effective_rights} rights: {macro_code}")
        result = "Macro executed successfully (simulated)."


    return result

# Example usage (simulating the patch)
if __name__ == '__main__':
    # Example scenario:
    user_rights = ["edit"] # User with edit rights
    macro_author_rights = ["programming"] # Macro author with programming rights
    macro_code = "Groovy code to access system files" # Vulnerable code example

    # Case 1: Macro code provided by the user directly
    result1 = execute_macro(macro_code, user_rights, False, macro_author_rights)
    print(f"Result 1: {result1}")

    # Case 2: Macro code is the default value of a parameter (CVE-2025-49581)
    result2 = execute_macro(macro_code, user_rights, True, macro_author_rights) # This line shows the fix
    print(f"Result 2: {result2}") # Now, the macro is executed with macro_author_rights