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CVE-2026-71491

sqlparse: Quadratic CPU usage when parsing comment-only statements.

  • CVSS 8.7
  • 400
  • Resource Management
  • Remote

sqlparse is a non-validating SQL parser module for Python. Prior to 0.6.0, group_comments in sqlparse/engine/grouping.py repeatedly rescans comment-only statements before the MAX_GROUPING_TOKENS guard, causing quadratic CPU consumption through sqlparse.parse() and sqlparse.format(sql, strip_comments=True). This issue is fixed in version 0.6.0.

CWE
400
CVSS base score
8.7
Published
2026-08-17
OWASP
A04 Insecure Design
Orthogonal defect classification
Algorithm
Code defect classification
Incorrect Algorithm
Category
Resource Management
Subcategory
Resource Exhaustion
Accessibility scope
Remote
Impact
Denial of Service (DoS)
Affected component
sqlparse
Fixed by upgrading
Yes

Solution

Upgrade sqlparse to version 0.6.0 or later.

Vulnerable code sample

from sqlparse.sql import Comment

def group_comments(tlist):
    """Group comments."""
    # VULNERABLE: For each comment, this rescans backwards to find an adjacent
    # comment, causing quadratic runtime on inputs with many comments.
    for token in tlist.tokens:
        if not token.is_comment:
            continue

        idx = tlist.token_index(token)
        prev_ = tlist.token_prev(idx, skip_ws=True)

        if prev_ and prev_.is_comment:
            group = tlist.group_tokens(Comment,
                                       tlist.token_index(prev_),
                                       idx + 1)
            if group:
                group_comments(group)

Patched code sample

from sqlparse.sql import Comment


def group_tokens(tlist, start_idx, end_idx):
    """Group tokens from start_idx to end_idx."""
    group_end_idx = end_idx
    for i in range(end_idx - 1, start_idx - 1, -1):
        if tlist.tokens[i].is_whitespace:
            group_end_idx -= 1
        else:
            break
    return tlist.group_tokens(Comment, start_idx, group_end_idx)


def group_comments(tlist):
    """Group comments."""
    # FIX: Use a single linear pass to group adjacent comments, which avoids
    # quadratic runtime.
    start_idx = None
    for i, token in enumerate(tlist.tokens):
        if start_idx is None and token.is_comment:
            start_idx = i
        elif start_idx is not None:
            if not (token.is_comment or token.is_whitespace):
                group_tokens(tlist, start_idx, i)
                start_idx = None

    if start_idx is not None:
        group_tokens(tlist, start_idx, len(tlist.tokens))

Payload

__VAITP_MODEL_REFUSED__

Cite this entry

@misc{vaitp:cve202671491,
  title        = {{sqlparse: Quadratic CPU usage when parsing comment-only statements.}},
  author       = {Bogaerts, Fr\'ed\'eric and Ivaki, Naghmeh and Fonseca, Jos\'e},
  year         = {2026},
  note         = {VAITP Python Vulnerability Dataset, entry CVE-2026-71491},
  howpublished = {\url{https://netpack.pt/vaitp/vulnerability/CVE-2026-71491/}}
}
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